Priming well for explosive detonating systems

ABSTRACT

An explosive detonating system comprises connectable components to connect/disconnect a pathway that ignites an explosion. A firing actuator activates primers. An adapter connects the firing actuator to shock tube and channels the ignition force from the primers into the shock tube. A cap box houses blasting caps coupled to the end of the shock tube. A priming well is coupled to the cap box/blasting caps and detonating cord. When the firing actuator is initiated, the percussion caps ignite, sending an explosive jet of gas into the shock tube, which ignites an explosive liner. An explosive wave travels through the shock tube and activates the blasting caps, which activate the detonating cord in the priming well. The explosive is placed in a location to provide a desired explosive effect. For example, the system may be employed as a system to breach into structures, remove obstacles and/or barriers, or other applications.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to and is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/878,450 filed May 19, 2020 and titled “ExplosiveDetonating System And Components,” which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/850,275 filed May 20, 2019 andtitled “Shock Tube Adapter and Blasting Cap Box,” and which also claimspriority to and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 16/111,481 filed Aug. 24, 2018 and titled “Explosive DetonatingSystem and Components” (U.S. Pat. No. 11,454,482 issued Sep. 27, 2022),which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/549,915 filed Aug. 24, 2017 and titled “Breaching System.” The entirecontents of the above-identified priority applications are hereby fullyincorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention described herein relates to an explosive detonating systemand, more particularly, to an explosive detonating system having one ormore connectable components to connect/disconnect the pathway thatinitiates an explosion.

BACKGROUND

Explosives are used in many modern-day applications. For example,explosives are used in building or other demolition, earth movement forconstruction, and military applications. Military and law enforcementapplications include breaching doors, walls, bulkheads, and otherstructures. For example, the goal may be to gain rapid entry to afortified compound or to remove an obstacle for a tactical advantage. Inoperation, explosives are placed in position and then detonated from asafe distance.

In a conventional explosive initiation sequence, an ignition device,such as a pen flare gun, is utilized to ignite a main explosive charge.The ignition device fires percussion caps, for example, shot gunprimers, to initiate the explosive process. The shotgun primers transmitan initiating signal along a stand-off device, such as electrical wire,“shock-tube,” or time fuse, to a blasting cap. When activated by theinitiating signal, the blasting cap detonates the main explosive charge.

The shock tube allows a user to distance himself from the main explosivecharge and also to lower the amount of explosive needed to detonate acharge. The shock tube may be a shock tube, such as NONEL®. Shock tubeis a hollow extruded tube containing a thin layer of energetic materialson its inner diameter. Once initiated, the shock tube transmits a signalto a detonating output charge, typically incorporating an instantaneousoutput or a pre-determined delay. Such a shock tube is “non-electric,”so an electric current is not transmitted to the detonator.

In conventional systems, detonators, such as blasting caps, are crimpedonto one end of the shock tube. When the firing impulse is deliveredfrom the primers, via hot explosive gas, the shock tube ignites theblasting caps. The blasting caps are taped or affixed to a loop ofdetonating cord or directly to the explosive charge. Detonating cordtypically is a flexible plastic tube filled with an explosive material,such as PETN or similar explosive material. The blasting caps ignite theexplosive material in the detonating cord, which explodes along thelength of the cord to ignite the main explosive charge.

In conventional systems, a user is in proximity to the explosivesthroughout the configuration, transportation, and deployment process.The systems are typically configured at a central location andtransported assembled to a desired location. If the pen flare gunaccidentally fires a primer, such as during transport, the entireexplosive sequence starts, resulting in an explosion that may injure theoperator(s) and/or compromise the mission. Additionally, in conventionalsystems, when an operator desires to perform multiple detonations, theoperator must transport multiple pen flare guns attached to multiple,independent explosive systems.

Additionally, many different types of conventional shock tube areavailable. Each shock tube type requires a specialized ignition deviceconfigured to connect to the particular shock tube type. Thesespecialized ignition devices are single use, which requires a separateignition device for each explosive charge. For example, if 10 explosivecharges are created, then 10 ignition devices are required to completethe conventional systems.

SUMMARY

This description relates to an explosive detonating system having one ormore connectable components to connect/disconnect the pathway thatignites an explosion. The components comprise a firing actuator thatactivates primers (percussion caps), an adapter that connects the firingactuator to shock tube and channels the ignition force into the shocktube, a cap box that houses blasting caps coupled to the end of theshock tube, and a priming well that is coupled to the blasting caps andthe detonating cord. When the firing actuator is initiated, thepercussion caps ignite sending extremely hot gas into the adapter, whichchannels the gas into the shock tube and ignites the low order explosivein the shock tube lining. The low order explosives ignites and createsan explosive wave that travels through the shock tube and activates theblasting caps housed in the cap box and inserted into the priming well,which activate the detonating cord in the priming well. Then, thedetonating cord activates a main explosive charge. The main explosivecharge is placed in a location to provide a desired effect from theresulting explosion. For example, the system may be employed as abreaching system to breach structures or other suitable applications.

These and other aspects, objects, features, and advantages of theinvention will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the artupon consideration of the following detailed description of illustratedexamples.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an assembly drawing depicting components of the explosivedetonating system in exploded form, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 2 is an illustration depicting the assembled explosive detonatingsystem, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 3 is a perspective, cut-out view depicting a firing actuator ordevice or shock tube initiator, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view depicting a shock tube adapter, inaccordance with certain examples.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing assembly of a two-piece shock tubeadapter and shock tube, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view depicting the shock tube adapter connectedto the firing actuator, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view depicting the shock tube adapterconnected to the firing actuator, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 8 is an assembly diagram depicting the blasting caps, cap box,priming well, and detonating cord in position for assembly, inaccordance with certain examples.

FIG. 9 is an assembly diagram depicting insertion of the detonating cordin the priming well and insertion of the blasting caps in the cap box,in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 10 is an assembly diagram depicting the blasting caps/cap box andthe detonating cord inserted into the priming well, in accordance withcertain examples.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of one half of a priming well, inaccordance with certain examples, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view depicting a low profile version of apriming well, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 13 is an exploded view depicting the components of the low profilepriming well of FIG. 12 , in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 14 is an exploded view of a second shock tube adapter, inaccordance with certain examples.

FIG. 15 is a front perspective view of an assembled second shock tubeadapter, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 16 is a rear perspective view of an assembled second shock tubeadapter, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 17 is a front perspective view of an assembled second shock tubeadapter without primers or shock tubes inserted therein, in accordancewith certain examples.

FIG. 18 is a rear perspective view of an assembled second shock tubeadapter without primers or shock tubes inserted therein, in accordancewith certain examples.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view depicting a shock tube adapter engagingwith a firing actuator, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 20 is an exploded view of a third shock tube adapter, in accordancewith certain examples.

FIG. 21 is a front perspective view of an assembled third shock tubeadapter, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 22 is an exploded view of a fourth shock tube adapter, inaccordance with certain examples.

FIG. 23 is a front perspective view of an assembled fourth shock tubeadapter, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth shock tube adapter, inaccordance with certain examples.

FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of the fifth shock tube adapterwithout a primed cartridge combination or shock tube inserted therein,in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a cap box comprising a blasting capretainer, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 27 is a side view of a cap box comprising a blasting cap retainerin an open position, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 28 is a side view of a cap box comprising a blasting cap retainerin a closed position, in accordance with certain examples.

FIG. 29 is an assembly diagram depicting a blasting cap, single primeadapter plug, cap box comprising a blasting cap retainer (T-barfitting), and a priming well in position for assembly, in accordancewith certain examples.

FIG. 30 is an assembly diagram depicting the blasting cap/cap boxinserted into the priming well, in accordance with certain examples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Turning now to the drawings, in which like numerals represent like (butnot necessarily identical) elements throughout the figures, theinnovations are described in detail. This description relates to anexplosive detonating system having one or more connectable components toconnect/disconnect the pathway that ignites an explosion. The componentscomprise a firing actuator that activates primers (percussion caps); anadapter that connects the firing actuator to shock tube and channels theignition force into the shock tube; a cap box that houses the blastingcaps coupled to the end of the shock tube; and a priming well that iscoupled to detonating cord or an explosive charge or material. When thefiring actuator is initiated, the percussion caps ignite sending hotgases into the adapter, which channels the gas into the shock tube andignites the low order explosive in the shock tube creating an explosivewave through the shock tube. The explosive wave travels through theshock tube and activates the blasting caps housed in the cap box andinserted into the priming well, which activate the detonating cord inthe priming well. Then, the detonating cord activates a main explosivecharge. The main explosive charge is placed in a location to provide adesired effect from the resulting explosion. For example, the system maybe employed as a breaching system to breach into structures, removebarriers/obstacles, or other suitable applications.

The explosive detonating system includes a quick connect/disconnectbetween the primer firing actuator and the shock tube. This part of theexplosive detonating system comprises the firing actuator, primers, andan adapter cartridge that connects one end of the shock tube to thefiring actuator.

The explosive detonating system also includes a quick connect/disconnectbetween the blasting caps coupled to the other end of the shock tube andthe detonating cord that is attached to the main explosive charge. Thispart of the explosive detonating system includes a cap box and a primingwell.

The explosive detonating system can allow an operator to easily andquickly connect/disconnect the components. In this manner, the operatorcan transport or store a disassembled explosive system that is not in aposition to fire accidentally. Then, the operator can connect the systemcomponents together when desired with minimal delay. For example, theoperator can connect the components of the system when at a location tobe breached, thereby not transporting an armed system that could fireaccidentally.

The explosive detonating system also can reduce a possibility of theexplosive system initiating prematurely compared to conventionalsystems, which lessens the danger to the operator and bystanders. Thisbenefit is created because the explosive detonating system isdisconnected between the primer firing actuator and the shock tube, aswell as between the blasting caps and the detonating cord until theoperator is ready to initiate the main explosive charge.

Additionally, a single firing actuator for firing the blasting caps canbe used for multiple explosive detonating systems. The reusable firingactuator described herein lessons the burden of transporting multiplefiring actuators, or other shock tube initiators, to the breachinglocation.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are illustrations depicting an explosive detonating system100, in accordance with certain examples. FIG. 1 is an assembly drawingdepicting components of the explosive detonating system 100 in explodedform, in accordance with certain examples. FIG. 2 is an illustrationdepicting the assembled explosive detonating system 100, in accordancewith certain examples.

The explosive detonating system 100 comprises a firing actuator 102 thatactivates one or more primers (not visible in FIGS. 1 and 2 ; see item402 of FIG. 4 ).

A shock tube adapter 104 connects the firing actuator 102 to one end ofshock tube 106. The shock tube 106 is inserted into one end of the shocktube adapter 104. The shock tube 106 typically comprises two tubes forredundancy. One or both of the tubes can be uses as desired. The otherend of the shock tube adapter 104 is insertable into and removable fromthe firing actuator 102 and mechanically locks to the firing actuator102. The shock tube adapter 104 provides a connect/disconnect betweenthe primers and the shock tube 106 and the primers/shock tube 106 andthe firing actuator 102. Although not depicted in FIG. 1 , the shocktube adapter can comprise a removeable cap that covers and protects theprimers from being struck during transport. The cap can be formed from aplastic, rubber, or other suitable material.

Blasting caps (not visible in FIGS. 1 and 2 ; see item 802 of FIG. 8 )are connected to the other end of the shock tube 106. For example, theblasting caps can be crimped or otherwise mechanically fastened to theshock tube 106.

As depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the blasting caps can be inserted into acap box 108. The cap box 108 protects the blasting caps during storageand/or transport of the blasting caps. Additionally, the cap box 108facilitates coupling the blasting caps to detonating cord 112 via apriming well 110. Although not depicted in FIG. 1 , the cap box cancomprise a removeable cap or other cover that covers and protects theblasting caps from being struck during transport. The cap can be formedfrom a plastic, rubber, or other suitable material.

The priming well 110 retains the blasting caps on the shock tube 106 inproximity to the detonating cord 112. The blasting caps and one end ofthe detonating cord are inserted into the priming well 110. The primingwell 110 is designed such that insertion of the blasting caps and thedetonating cord 112 into the priming well 110 fixes the blasting capsand the detonating cord 112 in close proximity. For example, theblasting caps and the detonating cord 112 can be inserted into thepriming well 110 such that the blasting caps are close enough to thedetonating cord 112 to initiate the detonating cord 112 when theblasting caps are initiated. The priming well 110 can retain theblasting caps in contact with the detonating cord 112 prior toinitiation of the blasting caps. In this configuration, initiation ofthe detonating cord 112 by the blasting caps is more reliable. However,the priming well 110 also may retain the blasting caps in proximity tothe detonating cord 112 without physical contact between the blastingcaps and the detonating cord 112. In this configuration, the gap betweenthe blasting caps and the detonating cord 112 is maintained at adistance that is not more than a distance that will allow the blastingcaps to initiate the detonating cord 112.

The other end of the detonating cord 112 is coupled to a main explosivecharge 114. The main explosive charge 114 may not be utilized if theexplosive force of the detonating cord 112 is sufficient to achieve thedesired result.

The priming well 110 provides a connect/disconnect between the blastingcaps coupled to the shock tube 106 and the detonating cord 112 that isattached to the main explosive charge 114.

In operation, initiation of the primers by the firing actuator 102introduces an explosive ignition wave from the primers into the shocktube 106, via the shock tube adapter 104. The explosive wave travelingthrough the shock tube 106 initiates the blasting caps, which are heldin proximity to the detonating cord 112 via the priming well 110.Initiation of the blasting caps initiates the detonating cord 112. Then,the detonating cord 112 initiates the main explosive charge 114.

The firing actuator 102 will now be described with reference to FIG. 3 .FIG. 3 is a perspective, cut-out view depicting a firing actuator 102,in accordance with certain examples.

The firing actuator 102 comprises a housing 301 in which multiplecomponents are positioned. A trigger 302 that works in conjunction withone or more hammers 304 mechanically moves one or more correspondingfiring pins 308. A trigger reset spring 303 biases an upper portion ofthe trigger 302 toward the hammers 304.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the hammers 304 are depicted in a “safe” position.As the hammers 304 are cocked by movement in direction A, a lowerportion of the hammers 304 pushes an upper portion of the trigger 302against the trigger 302 reset spring until the hammers 304 lock in thecocked position via engagement of the components 302 a of the trigger302 and 304 a of the hammers 304. A hammer torsion spring 306 biases thehammers 304 in a direction opposite of the direction A. The trigger 302and hammers 304 are held in the cocked position by the biasing force ofthe trigger reset spring 303 and the hammer torsion spring 306 thatengage the components 302 a of the trigger 302 and 304 a of the hammers304.

When the operator pulls the trigger 302 in the direction B, the upperportion of the trigger 302 moves away from the lower portion of thehammers 304 thereby disengaging the components 302 a of the trigger 302and 304 a of the hammers 304. The biasing force of the hammer torsionspring 306 moves the hammers 304 in a direction opposite the direction Awith sufficient force to move one or more corresponding firing pins 308in a direction C. Corresponding firing pin reset springs 310 bias thefiring pins 308 in a direction opposite the direction C. As the hammers304 move in the direction opposite of direction A, the hammers 304strike the corresponding firing pins 308 with a force sufficient toovercome the biasing force of the firing pin reset springs 310 to causethe firing pins 308 to contact one or more primers (not depicted in FIG.3 ) positioned adjacent to the firing pins 308. Another version of thefiring actuator 102 comprises a double-action trigger system. In thiscase, the hammers 304 do not have to be cocked. Pulling the trigger 302will initially move the hammers 304 in the direction A. Further pullingof the trigger 302 will then release the hammers 304 to move in thedirection opposite the direction A to actuate the primers. Additionally,multiple triggers 302 may be provided such that each hammer 304 has acorresponding trigger 302 that actuates that hammer 304.

Although not depicted in FIG. 3 , a hammer and firing pin may becombined into a single component. For example, the hammer may have afiring pin formed as part of the hammer. In operation of this design,when the hammer is released from the cocked position, the firing pin onthe hammer directly strikes the primer. This operation contrasts to thehammer striking the firing pin, and then the firing pin striking theprimer. The firing pin reset springs 310 may be omitted in this design.A single hammer may have two integrally formed firing pins. Two hammershaving corresponding integrally formed firing pins may also be utilized.

An ejection latch 316 and ejection pin 312 allow insertion and removalof the shock tube adapter 104 into the firing actuator 102. The ejectionlatch 316 pivots around a pin 318 coupled to the housing 301. Anejection latch spring 315 biases one end of the ejection latch 316around the pin 318 in a direction D, which biases an opposite end of theejection latch 316 in a direction E. As the shock tube adapter 104 isinserted into the firing actuator 102, the shock tube adaptor 106contacts a tab 316 a on the ejection latch 316. This contact moves thetab 316 a of the ejection latch 316 in a direction opposite to directionE, which moves the opposite end 316 b of the ejection latch 316 aroundthe pin 318 in a direction opposite of the direction D and against thebiasing force of the ejection latch spring 315. When the shock tubeadapter 104 is inserted fully into the firing actuator 102, the biasingforce of the ejection latch spring 315 moves the corresponding end 316 bof the ejection latch 316 in the direction D, which moves the tab 316 ain the direction E to engage with a retaining indent (not illustrated inFIG. 3 ; see item 504 c of FIG. 5 ) of the shock tube adapter 104. Thisengagement locks the shock tube adapter 104 in position in the firingactuator 102. Additionally, when the shock tube adapter 104 is insertedinto the firing actuator 102, the shock tube adaptor 104 moves theejection pin in a direction opposite the direction C against a biasingforce of an ejection spring 314.

Although not depicted in FIG. 3 , the ejection pin and ejection springmay be replaced with an ejection spring that pushes directly on theshock tube adapter 104. This ejection spring may be fixed in place suchthat insertion of the shock tube adapter 104 compresses the ejectionspring, and the biasing force of the ejection spring pushes the shocktube adapter 104 from the firing actuator 102 when the ejection latch316 is released.

To remove the shock tube adapter 104 from the firing actuator 102, theoperator pushes an end 316 b of the ejection latch 316 in a directionopposite the direction D against the biasing force of the ejection latchspring 315. This operation moves the tab 316 a of the ejection latch 316in a direction opposite to the direction E to disengage the tab 316 a ofthe ejection latch 316 from the retaining indent of the shock tube 106adaptor. The biasing force of the ejection spring 314 moves the ejectionpin 312 in the direction C to push the shock tube adaptor 104 from thefiring actuator 102.

Various options for implementing the firing actuator 102 are suitable.For example, the firing actuator 102 may comprise a single hammer ormultiple hammers 304 and a corresponding single firing pin or multiplefiring pins 308. Additionally, a single hammer may be sized to contactboth firing pins. If two hammers are utilized, they may be linkedtogether to operate as a single hammer. For example, a pin may beinserted through apertures or slots in both hammers to link the twohammers together. In this case, movement of one hammer results incorresponding movement of the other hammer. The pin can be slideablefrom one hammer into the other hammer, such that operation of one hammerindependently of the other hammer is possible if desired and operationof both hammers as a single unit is possible if desired. Othermechanisms for releasing the hammers 304 from the cocked position may beutilized. If the ejection spring 314 and ejection pin 312 are not used,the operator may manually pull the shock tube adapter 104 from thefiring actuator 102. Other latching arrangements may be utilized toretain the shock tube adapter 104 in the firing actuator 102. Forexample, the ejection latch 316 and ejection latch spring 315 may bepositioned on the shock tube adapter 104 to engage with a correspondingretaining indent on the firing actuator 102. The ejection latch 316 maybe integral to the firing actuator 102 or the shock tube adapter 104. Inthis case, the ejection latch spring 315 may be omitted because theelastic force of the ejection latch 316 will bias the ejection latch 316in position. One or multiple ejection latches may be used.

The firing device comprises two independent firing sides operated atleast by one trigger 302. The operator can cock both hammers 304 or onehammer, and the single trigger 302 will release one hammer 304 or bothhammers 304 simultaneously, depending on the number of cocked hammers.This operation allows the operator to use one initiating device foreither single or dual primed charges.

The shock tube adapter 104 will now be described with reference to FIGS.4 and 5 . FIG. 4 is a perspective view depicting a shock tube adapter104, in accordance with certain examples. FIG. 5 is a perspective viewshowing assembly of a two-piece shock tube adapter 104 and shock tube106, in accordance with certain examples.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , the shock tube adapter 104 comprises aprimer case 404 and a shock tube case 406. The shock tube 106 isinserted into and retained by the shock tube case 406. Primers areinserted into the primer case 404. The shock tube case 406 and theprimer case 404 couple together to form the shock tube adapter 104.

With reference to FIG. 5 , the primer case 404 comprises a primerhousing 504 a having continuous apertures 504 b extending through theprimer housing 504 a. The apertures 504 b are sized to receive theprimers 402. The apertures 504 b may retain the primers 402 therein viacompression fit. The primers 402 also may be adhered into the apertures504 b, mechanically retained therein, or otherwise fixed in position.For example, a retainer clip may be utilized to retain the primers 402in the apertures 504 b. The primer apertures 504 b open into anexpansion chamber (not visible in FIG. 5 ; see item 702 of FIG. 7 )leading to both shock tubes, thereby allowing either primer charge toinitiate one or both shock tubes.

The primer case 404 further comprises a retaining indent 504 c. Theretaining indent 504 c receives the tab 316 a of the ejection latch 316of the firing actuator 102 (as described previously with reference toFIG. 3 ) when the shock tube adapter 104 is inserted into the firingactuator 102 (as described previously with reference to FIG. 3 ).

The primer case 404 further comprises at least one retaining tab 504 d.The tab 504 d engages a corresponding retaining indent 506 d in theshock tube case 406 to latch the primer case 404 and the shock tube case406 together. While only one tab 504 d is visible, the primer case 404may include multiple tabs 504 d. For example, the primer case 404 mayinclude two tabs 504 d on the top and bottom of an end that faces theshock tube case 406. Alternatively, the tabs may be located on the shocktube case 406 and engage with corresponding indents or apertures on theprimer case 404.

The shock tube case 406 comprises a shock tube housing 506 a havingcontinuous apertures 506 b extending through the shock tube housing 506a. The apertures 506 b are sized to receive the shock tube 106.

The shock tube case 406 further comprises tabs 506 c around theapertures 506 b. The shock tube 106 is inserted into the apertures 506 bat one end of the shock tube case 406, pushed through the apertures 506b of the shock tube case 406, and at least partially engage in the tabs506 c on an opposite end of the apertures 506 b in the shock tube case406. The shock tube 106 may extend past the tabs 506 c of the shock tubecase 406.

The tabs 506 c are sized around the apertures 506 b to allow the shocktube 106 to pass therethrough. The tabs 506 c are further sized to matein the aperture 504 b of the primer case 404 when the shock tube case406 and the primer case 404 are attached together. As the tabs 506 c areinserted into the apertures 504 b of the primer case 404, the apertures504 b compress the tabs 506 c of the shock tube case 406 toward thecenter of the apertures 506 b of the shock tube case 406. This movementclamps the tabs 506 c of the shock tube case 406 around the shock tube106 in the apertures 506 b to retain the shock tube 106 in the shocktube case 406. The apertures 506 b may retain the shock tube 106 thereinvia compression fit without extending into the tabs 506 c.

Connecting the shock tube case 406 and the primer case 404 connects theapertures 506 b of the shock tube case 406 with the apertures 504 b ofthe primer case 404 to thereby create a continuous path from the primers402 through the apertures 504 b (and sometimes at least part of theapertures 506 b) to the shock tube 106. In this manner, an explosivewave created by initiation of the primers 402 can travel to the shocktube 106. In one design, the primer case 404 comprises an expansionchamber 702 (see FIG. 7 ) that connects the apertures 504 b of theprimer case 404 with the apertures 506 b of the shock tube case 406.Both apertures 504 b open into the expansion chamber 702, and bothapertures 506 b open into the expansion chamber 702. Accordingly, theexpansion chamber 702 funnels the blast from a single percussion cap 402to both apertures 506 b to initiate both lines of shock tube 106. Thus,if only one primer fires, the expansion chamber 702 funnels the blast toboth lines of shock tube to ensure a dual system ignition. The expansionchamber is optional, and each aperture 504 b may directly connect to arespective one of the apertures 506 b. In this case, each primer 402will activate only a corresponding one of the shock tubes 106.

The shock tube case 406 further comprises one or more retaining indents506 d that correspond with the retaining tabs 504 d of the primer case404. The retaining indents 506 d receive the retaining tabs 504 d toconnect the shock tube case 406 to the primer case 404. The operator canpush the retaining tabs 504 d from engagement with the retaining indents506 d to disconnect the shock tube case 406 from the primer case 404.

Various options for implementing the shock tube adapter 104 aresuitable. For example, the primer case 404 and shock tube case 406 maybe formed integrally as a single piece. In this case, the apertures canbe continuous from the end in which the primers 402 are inserted to theopposite end in which the shock tube 106 is inserted. This design alsocan incorporate the expansion chamber 702 between the primer end and theshock tube end of the primer case 404. The apertures for receiving theshock tube 106 can be tapered from the end in which the shock tube 106is inserted to a smaller area inside the shock tube case 406 or theshock tube adapter 104. In this case, the shock tube adapter 104 retainsthe shock tube 106 via compression as the shock tube 106 is insertedinto the shock tube adapter 104.

The two-piece design of the shock tube adapter 104 allows a furtherseparation of the primers 402 from the blasting caps, detonating cord112, and the main explosive charge 114. The primer case 404 can beremoved from the shock tube adapter 104 to disconnect the primers 402from the system. The primer also can be carried separately and connectedto the shock tube case 406 on location. In another instance, the shocktube adapter can also be a single assembly device in which percussioncaps are inserted or press fitted into the firing device end and shocktube is inserted into the explosive end and secured with either atightening nut, a screw, or other suitable constricting device. Theinternal paths from the percussion caps to the shock tube can either bestraight bore path from one percussion cap to one shock tube opening, ora cross-bored path that intersects or an expansion chamber to allow theexplosion from one percussion cap to travel to both shock tube openings.In another instance, the shock tube adapter can be two pieces dissectedhorizontally creating two identical halves that snap or glue or screwtogether into a single piece. In this version, the shock tube adaptercan have straight bore connects from the percussion caps to the shocktube, or a crossed-bored path or expansion chamber as previouslydescribed.

FIGS. 6 and 7 depict the shock tube adapter 104 engaged with the firingactuator 102. FIG. 6 is a perspective view depicting the shock tubeadapter 104 connected to the firing actuator 102, in accordance withcertain examples. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view depicting the shocktube adapter 104 connected to the firing actuator 102, in accordancewith certain examples.

The shock tube adapter 104 is inserted into the firing actuator 102housing until the tab 316 a of the ejection latch 316 of the firingactuator 102 engages the retaining indent 504 c of the primer case 404of the shock tube adapter 104.

Additionally, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , a stock 602 can be coupled tothe firing actuator 102. The stock 602 may allow easier operation of thefiring actuator 102 by the operator.

If only one primer 402 is loaded into the shock tube 106 adaptor, thefiring actuator 102 will fire the single primer 402. If two primers 402are loaded into the shock tube 106 adaptor, the firing actuator 102 willfire both primers 402.

The system can utilize two primers 402, two firing pins 308, two shocktubes 106, and two blasting caps to create redundancy in the system andto ensure detonation of the charge. This system is referred to as dualpriming. However, the system can be single primed by using only oneprimer 402 and/or one shock tube 106 and/or one blasting cap.

In certain examples, the shock tube adapter 104 is formed from plastic.

Operation of the shock tube adapter 104 is similar in operation anddesign to a magazine in a conventional firearm. An operator may load theshock tube 106 and primers 402 into the shock tube adapter 104 and mayload the shock tube adapter 104 into the firing actuator 102.

The hammers 304 are cocked, and then the shock tube adaptor 104 isloaded into the firing actuator 102, and the firing device is initiatedwhen the operator pulls the trigger 302. The trigger 302 releases thehammers 304, which cause the two firing pins 308 to engage the primers402 to ignite the shock tube 106.

Additional shock tube adapters will now be described with reference toFIGS. 14-28 . FIGS. 14-18 depict a second shock tube adapter inaccordance with alternative examples. FIG. 14 is an exploded view of asecond shock tube adapter 1402, in accordance with certain examples.FIG. 15 is a front perspective view of an assembled second shock tubeadapter 1402, in accordance with certain examples. FIG. 16 is a rearperspective view of an assembled second shock tube adapter 1402, inaccordance with certain examples. FIG. 17 is a front perspective view ofan assembled second shock tube adapter 1402 without primers or shocktubes inserted therein, in accordance with certain examples. FIG. 18 isa rear perspective view of an assembled second shock tube adapter 1402without primers or shock tubes inserted therein, in accordance withcertain examples.

As shown in FIGS. 14-18 , the second shock tube adapter 1402 comprises aprimer housing 1402 a and a shock tube compression housing 1402 b. Theprimer housing 1402 a and the shock tube compression housing 1402 bcouple together to form the shock tube adapter 1402.

The primer housing 1402 b comprises continuous apertures 1402 cextending through the primer housing 1402 b. The apertures 1402 c aresized to receive the primers 402. The apertures 1402 c may retain theprimers 402 therein via compression fit. The primers 402 also may beadhered into the apertures 1402 c, mechanically retained therein, orotherwise fixed in position. For example, a retainer clip may beutilized to retain the primers 402 in the apertures 1402 c. The primerapertures 1402 c may open into an expansion chamber as discussedpreviously with reference to the shock tube adapter 104 leading to bothshock tubes, thereby allowing either primer charge to initiate one orboth shock tubes. Alternatively, the primer apertures 1402 c may eachcontinue directly to a respective shock tube held in the shock tubecompression housing 1402 b. In this case, each primer charge willinitiate only the shock tube directly connected to the correspondingprimer aperture 1402 c.

The primer housing 1402 a further comprises at least one retaining tab1402 e. Each tab 1402 e engages a corresponding retaining indent 1402 fin the shock tube compression housing 1402 b to latch the primer housing1402 a and the shock tube compression housing 1402 b together. Theprimer housing 1402 a may include one or multiple tabs 1402 e. Forexample, the primer housing 1402 a may include two tabs 1402 e on thetop and bottom of an end that faces the shock tube compression housing1402 b. Alternatively, the tabs may be located on the shock tubecompression housing 1402 b and engage with corresponding indents orapertures on the primer housing 1402 a. The shock tube compressionhousing comprises the one or more retaining indents 1402 f thatcorrespond with the retaining tabs 1402 e of the primer housing 1402 a.The retaining indents 1402 f receive the retaining tabs 1402 e toconnect the shock tube compression housing 1402 b to the primer housing1402 a. The operator can push the retaining tabs 1402 e from engagementwith the retaining indents 1402 f to disconnect the shock tubecompression housing 1402 b from the primer housing 1402 a.

The primer housing 1402 b further comprises one or more firing actuatorretaining indents 1402 g. One retaining indent 1402 g receives a tab1902 (see FIG. 19 ) of the firing actuator 1900 (as describedhereinafter with reference to FIG. 19 ) when the shock tube adapter 1402is inserted into the firing actuator 1900 (as described hereinafter withreference to FIG. 19 ). Including the retaining indent 1402 g on bothsides of the primer housing 1402 b allows insertion of the shock tubeadapter 1402 into the firing actuator 1900 in either an up or downorientation.

The shock tube compression housing 1402 b comprises continuous apertures1402 h extending through the shock tube compression housing 1402 b. Theapertures 1402 h are sized to receive the shock tube 106.

The shock tube compression housing 1402 b further comprises tabs 1402 daround the apertures 1402 h. The shock tube 106 is inserted into theapertures 1402 d at one end of the shock tube compression housing 1402b, pushed through the apertures 1402 d of the shock tube compressionhousing 1402 b, and at least partially engage in the tabs 1402 d on anopposite end of the apertures 1302 h in the shock tube compressionhousing 1402 b. The shock tube 106 may extend past the tabs 1402 d ofthe shock tube compression housing 1402 b.

The tabs 1402 d are sized around the apertures 1402 h to allow the shocktube 106 to pass therethrough. The tabs 1402 d are further sized to matein the aperture 1402 c of the primer housing 1402 a when the shock tubecompression housing 1402 b and the primer housing 1402 a are attachedtogether. As the tabs 1402 d are inserted into the apertures 1402 c ofthe primer housing 1402 a, the apertures 1402 c compress the tabs 1402 dof the shock tube housing 1402 b toward the center of the apertures 1402h of the shock tube compression housing 1402 b. This movement clamps thetabs 1402 d of the shock tube compression housing 1402 b around theshock tube 106 in the apertures 1402 h to retain the shock tube 106 inthe shock tube compression housing 1402 b. The apertures 1402 h mayretain the shock tube 106 therein via compression fit without extendinginto the tabs 1402 d.

Connecting the shock tube compression housing 1402 b and the primerhousing 1402 a connects the apertures 1402 h of the shock tubecompression housing 1402 b with the apertures 1402 c of the primerhousing 1402 b to thereby create a continuous path from the primers 402through the apertures 1402 c (and sometimes at least part of theapertures 1402 h) to the shock tube 106. In this manner, an explosivewave created by initiation of the primers 402 can travel to the shocktube 106.

Various options for implementing the shock tube adapter 1402 aresuitable. For example, the primer housing 1402 a and shock tubecompression housing 1402 b may be formed integrally as a single piece.In this case, the apertures can be continuous from the end in which theprimers 402 are inserted to the opposite end in which the shock tube 106is inserted. This design also can incorporate the expansion chamber 702(as described previously with regard to FIG. 7 ) between the primer endand the shock tube end of the primer housing 1402 a. The apertures forreceiving the shock tube 106 can be tapered from the end in which theshock tube 106 is inserted to a smaller area inside the shock tubecompression housing 1402 b or the primer housing 1402 a. In this case,the shock tube adapter 1402 retains the shock tube 106 via compressionas the shock tube 106 is inserted into the shock tube adapter 1402.

The two-piece design of the shock tube adapter 1402 allows a furtherseparation of the primers 402 from the blasting caps, detonating cord112, and the main explosive charge 114. The primer case 1402 a can beremoved from the shock tube adapter 1402 to disconnect the primers 402from the system. The primers also can be carried separately andconnected to the shock tube adapter 1402 on location. In anotherinstance, the shock tube adapter 1402 can also be a single assemblydevice in which percussion caps are inserted or press fitted into thefiring device end and shock tube is inserted into the explosive end andsecured with either a tightening nut, a screw, or other suitableconstricting device. The internal paths from the percussion caps to theshock tube can either be straight bore path from one percussion cap toone shock tube opening, or a cross-bored path that intersects or anexpansion chamber to allow the explosion from one percussion cap totravel to both shock tube openings. In another instance, the shock tubeadapter can be two pieces dissected horizontally creating two identicalhalves that snap or glue or screw together into a single piece. In thisversion, the shock tube adapter can have straight bore connects from thepercussion caps to the shock tube, or a crossed-bored path or expansionchamber as previously described.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view depicting the shock tube adapter 1402engaging with a firing actuator 1900, in accordance with certainexamples. As shown in FIG. 19 , the firing actuator 1900 comprises ashock tube adapter retaining tab 1902 that engages the retaining indent1402 g of the shock tube adapter 1402. Engagement of the retainingindent 1402 g of the shock tube adapter 1402 by the retaining tab 1902of the firing actuator 1900 allows rotation of the shock tube adapter1402 in a direction F to engage the shock tube adapter 1402 to thefiring actuator 1900.

The firing actuator 1900 further comprises a latch 1904 that is springbiased in a direction G. As the shock tube adapter 1402 is rotated inthe direction F around the retaining tab 1902, the latch 1904 moves inthe direction G over a top portion 1906 of the shock tube adapter 1402,thereby holding the shock tube adapter 1402 in the firing actuator 1900.

An operator may manually move the latch 1904 in a direction opposite tothe direction G to allow the shock tube adapter 1402 to rotate farenough in the direction F to allow the bias force to move the latch 1904in the direction G over the top portion 1906 of the shock tube adapter1402. Alternatively, the shock tube adapter 1402 may push the latch 1904in a direction opposite to the direction G as the shock tube adapter1402 rotates in the direction F until the shock tube adapter 1402 isrotated far enough in the direction F to allow the bias force to movethe latch 1904 in the direction G over the top portion 1906 of the shocktube adapter 1402. In another alternative, the latch 1904 may not bebiased in the direction G. In this case, an operation may manually movethe latch 1904 in a direction opposite the direction G to allowinsertion of the shock tube adapter 1402 in the firing actuator 1900.The operator may then manually move the latch 1904 in the direction G tomove the latch 1904 over the top portion 1906 of the shock tube actuator1402. In each case, the latch 1904 and the retaining pin 1902 secure theshock tube adapter 1402 in the firing actuator 1900.

As shown in FIG. 19 , the retaining pin 1902 is a tubular member coupledto the firing actuator 1900 and positioned to engage a length of theretaining indent 1402 g of the shock tube adapter 1402. Any suitableconfiguration of the retaining pin 1902 may be used. For example, theretaining pin 1902 may be an integrally formed feature of the firingactuator 1900.

Movement of the latch 1904 and the shock tube adapter 1402 in oppositedirections then described previously allows for removal of the shocktube adapter 1402 from the firing actuator 1900.

Except for insertion and removal of the shock tube adapter 1402,operation of the firing actuator 1900 is similar to operation of thefiring actuator 102, as described previously with reference to FIGS. 3and 6-7 .

FIGS. 20 and 21 depict a third shock tube adapter in accordance withalternative examples. FIG. 20 is an exploded view of a third shock tubeadapter 2000, in accordance with certain examples. FIG. 21 is a frontperspective view of an assembled third shock tube adapter 2000, inaccordance with certain examples.

The shock tube adapter 2000 is configured to hold shock tube 106comprising a primer housing 2022, comprising a primer therein, that ishermetically sealed or otherwise connected to the shock tube 106. Theprimer housing 2022 has multiple diameters at the end of the shock tube106. As depicted in FIGS. 20-21 , the primer housing 2022 has threediameters 2022 a, 2022 b, and 2022 c where the primer housings 2022 areconnected to the end of the shock tube 106.

As shown in FIGS. 20-21 , the shock tube adapter 2000 comprises ahousing 2002. The housing 2002 comprises the retaining indent(s) 1402 gdescribed previously with reference to the shock tube adapter 1402.

The housing 2002 also comprises apertures 2004 extending in alongitudinal direction through the housing 2002. The apertures 2004 areopen along longitudinal edges of the housing 2002. Additionally, theopen apertures 2004 include multiple sections 2004 a, 2004 b, 2004 cthat are sized to correspond to the diameters 2022 a, 2022 b, 2022 c,respectively, of the primer housings 2022. A size of the edge opening ofthe apertures along the longitudinal edges of the housing 2002 is lessthan the diameter of the primer housings 2022. Accordingly, one primerhousing 2022 is moved in a direction H to snap the primer housing 2022into the housing 2002 to secure the primer housing 2022 in the housing2002 via a compression fit. Additionally, another primer housing 2022 ismoved in a direction H′ to snap the other primer housing 2022 into thehousing 2002 to secure the other primer housing 2022 in the housing 2002via a compression fit. As the shock tubes 106 are already connected tothe primer housings 2022, the shock tubes 106 are thereby secured to thehousing 2002 of the shock tube adapter 2000.

The shock tube adapter 2000 may be used with the firing actuator 1900described previously with reference to FIG. 19 . Specifically, theretaining indent 1402 g of the shock tube adapter 2000 engages with theretaining pin 1902 of the firing actuator 1900 to secure the shock tubeadapter 2000 to the firing actuator 1900.

FIGS. 22 and 23 depict a fourth shock tube adapter in accordance withalternative examples. FIG. 22 is an exploded view of a fourth shock tubeadapter 2200, in accordance with certain examples. FIG. 23 is a frontperspective view of an assembled fourth shock tube adapter 2200, inaccordance with certain examples.

The shock tube adapter 2200 is configured to hold shock tube 106comprising a primer housing 2222, comprising a primer, that ishermetically sealed or otherwise connected to the shock tube 106. Theprimer housing 2222 has multiple diameters at the end of the shock tube106. As depicted in FIGS. 22-23 , the primer housing 2222 has twodiameters 2222 a, 2222 b where the primer housings 2222 are connected tothe end of the shock tube 106.

As shown in FIGS. 22-23 , the shock tube adapter 2200 comprises ahousing 2202. The housing 2202 comprises the retaining indent(s) 1402 gdescribed previously with reference to the shock tube adapter 1402.

The housing 2202 also comprises apertures 2204 extending in alongitudinal direction through the housing 2202. The apertures 2204 areopen along longitudinal edges of the housing 2202. Additionally, theopen apertures 2204 include multiple sections 2204 a, 2204 that aresized to correspond to the diameters 2222 a, 2222 b, respectively, ofthe primer housings 2222. A size of the edge opening of the aperturesalong the longitudinal edges of the housing 2202 is less than thediameter of the primer housings 2222.

In operation, the shock tubes 106 are inserted through the edge openingsof the apertures 2204. Then, the shock tubes 106 are pulled in adirection I until the primer housing 2222 engage the apertures 2204 tosecure the primer housing 2222 in the shock tube adapter 2200. As theshock tubes 106 are already connected to the primer housing 2222, theshock tubes 106 are thereby secured to the housing 2202 of the shocktube adapter 2200.

Alternatively, similarly to insertion of the primer housings 2022 intothe shock tube adapter 2000 described previously with reference to FIGS.20-21 , one primer housing 2222 is moved in a direction H to snap theprimer housing 2222 into the adapter housing 2202 to secure the primerhousing 2222 in the housing 2202 via a compression fit. Additionally,another primer housing 2222 is moved in a direction H′ to snap the otherprimer housing 2222 into the housing 2202 to secure the other primerhousing 2222 in the adapter housing 2202 via a compression fit. As theshock tubes 106 are already connected to the primer housing 2222, theshock tubes 106 are thereby secured to the adapter housing 2202 of theshock tube adapter 2200.

The shock tube adapter 2200 may be used with the firing actuator 1900described previously with reference to FIG. 19 . Specifically, theretaining indent 1402 g of the shock tube adapter 2200 engages with theretaining pin 1902 of the firing actuator 1900 to secure the shock tubeadapter 2200 to the firing actuator 1900.

FIGS. 24 and 25 depict a fifth shock tube adapter in accordance withalternative examples. FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth shocktube adapter 2400, in accordance with certain examples. FIG. 25 is across-sectional view of the fifth shock tube adapter 2400, without aprimed cartridge or shock tubes inserted therein in accordance withcertain examples.

The shock tube adapter 2400 is configured to accept a primed cartridgecase combination of standard caliber ammunition. The standard calibermay be 9 mm, 25 caliber ACP, 38 special, or any other suitable caliber.Corresponding components of the shock tube adapter 2400 are sized toaccommodate the desired caliber.

Although not depicted in previous figures, the primed cartridgecombination of standard caliber ammunition may be used as the primersfor any of the shock tube adapters discussed herein.

As shown in FIGS. 24-25 , the shock tube adapter 2400 comprises ahousing 2402. The housing 2402 comprises the retaining indent(s) 1402 gdescribed previously with reference to the shock tube adapter 1402.

The housing 2402 also comprises shock tube apertures 2408 on one end ofthe housing 2402. The shock tube apertures 2408 are each threaded toreceive and retain a compression fitting 2409 with shock tube 106therein. The shock tubes 106 are retained with compression fitting 2409that receive the shock tube through an opening in the center of a roundnut. The shock tube 106 passes through the center of the nut into ahollow screw that is slotted and chamfered to allow compression of theshock tube as the fitting 2409 is screwed into the apertures 2408. Theshock tube is inserted to line up with the end of the compressionfitting 2409 and then threaded into the housing aperture 2408. However,the shock tube may be inserted less or farther as desired.

An end of the housing 2402 opposite the shock tube apertures 2408comprises primer apertures 2404. The primer apertures 2404 are sized toaccommodate a primed cartridge case 2422 corresponding to a desiredcaliber of ammunition, for example, 9 mm, 38 special, 25 caliber ACP, orany suitable caliber. The primer apertures 2404 may hold the primedcartridge 2422 via any suitable method, such as compression fit. Thehousing 2402 also may comprise tabs 2402 b around an opening into theapertures 2404. The tabs 2402 b engage a corresponding groove around ashell of the primed cartridge 2422. That engagement may hold the primedcartridge 2422 in the apertures 2404.

Each primer aperture 2404 extends around an inner tubular structure 2406such that the shell of the primed cartridge 2422 is inserted into theprimer aperture 2404 and over the inner tubular structure 2406. An outerdiameter of the inner tubular structure 2406 can be sized to correspondto an inner diameter of the shell of the primed cartridge 2422. Theinner tubular structure 2406 also may assist retention of the shell inthe housing 2402 via compression fit of the shell around the innertubular structure 2406.

An interior tubular aperture 2410 of the inner tubular structure 2406extends through the housing 2402 to the primer aperture 2406.

A gas jet caused by initiation of the primer of the primed cartridge2422 will travel from the primer, through the shell, through theinterior tubular aperture 2410 of the inner tubular structure 2406, tothe shock tube 106, thereby initiating the shock tube 106.

The shock tube adapter 2400 may be used with the firing actuator 1900described previously with reference to FIG. 19 . Specifically, theretaining indent 1402 g of the shock tube adapter 2400 engages with theretaining pin 1902 of the firing actuator 1900 to secure the shock tubeadapter 2400 to the firing actuator 1900.

Using primed cartridges of standard caliber ammunition can simplifylogistics for a breaching system. Special primers do not need to bepurchased and/or stored. Primed cartridges may be acquired in a caliberthat is typically used by the operator of the breaching system. Forexample, a law enforcement agency that uses standard 9mm ammunition mayacquire extra primed cartridges as components when purchasing standardammunition of the same caliber. The law enforcement agency also canacquire shock tube adapters 2400 sized to accommodate the same caliber.Additionally, an operator in the field may remove the bullet and powderfrom a standard ammunition round, and use the remaining primed cartridgecombination as the primer with the shock tube adapter 2400.

The shock tube adapter 104 also may be adapted with firing actuatorretaining indents 1402 g to be used with the firing device 1900 asdescribed herein with reference to FIG. 19 .

The priming well 110 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 8-11. FIG. 8 is an assembly diagram depicting the blasting caps 802, cap box108, priming well 110, and detonating cord 112 in position for assembly,in accordance with certain examples. FIG. 9 is an assembly diagramdepicting insertion of the detonating cord 112 in the priming well 110and insertion of the blasting caps 802 in the cap box 108, in accordancewith certain examples. FIG. 10 is an assembly diagram depicting theblasting caps/cap box 108 and the detonating cord 112 inserted into thepriming well 110, in accordance with certain examples. FIG. 11 is aperspective view of one half of a priming well 110, in accordance withcertain examples.

The blasting caps 802 are attached to an end of the shock tube 106. Forexample, the blasting caps 802 can be crimped to the end of the shocktube 106.

The blasting caps 802 are inserted in to the cap box 108. The cap box108 allows connecting and disconnecting the blasting caps 802 into thepriming well 110. The cap box 108 also protects the blasting caps 802during storage and/or transport. Although not depicted in FIG. 8 , thecap box can comprise the removeable cap or other cover that furthercovers and protects the blasting caps from being struck duringtransport. This protection can maintain the blasting caps 802 in properworking condition. This protection also can prevent an inadvertentdetonation of the blasting caps 802 by accidental contact or abuse.

The cap box 108 comprises a cap box housing 108 a having apertures 108 bextending from a first end of the cap box housing 108 a through the capbox housing 108 a. The apertures 108 b are open to an exterior of thecap box housing 108 a as shown by reference numeral 108 c. A second endof the cap box housing 108 a is closed. However, the apertures 108 b maycontinue through the second end of the cap box housing 108 a.

The blasting caps 802 are inserted into the apertures 108 b of the capbox housing 108 a until the blasting caps 802 are positioned inside thecap box housing 108 a. The cap box housing 108 a may retain the blastingcaps 802 via compression fit. The cap box housing may also, oralternatively, retain the blasting caps 802 via retaining tabs (notdepicted in FIGS. 8-11 ) located at the opening of the apertures 108 binto the cap box housing 108 a. In this case, the blasting caps 802 movethe retaining tabs outward during insertion of the blasting caps 802into the cap box housing 108 a, and the tabs spring around the end ofthe blasting caps 802 to hold the blasting caps 802 in position.

The cap box 108 further comprises one or more cap box retaining latches108 d coupled to the cap box housing 108 a. The cap box retaininglatches 108 d can be integrally formed with the cap box housing 108 aand connect to the cap box housing 108 a at a pivot point 108 g. The capbox retaining latches 108 d further comprise a locking tab 108 e at oneend. The cap box retaining latches 108 d may further comprise a levertab 108 f. Actuation of the lever tab 108 f moves the cap box retaininglatch 108 d about the pivot point 108 g to move the locking tab 108 eaway from the cap box housing 108 a.

In certain examples, the cap box 108 is a single, plastic part thathouses the two blasting caps 802 and the end of the shock tube 106. Thecap box 108 may be 3D printed or produced by any other plasticmanufacturing process.

The cap box 108 serves at least three purposes. First, the cap box 108provides a quick connect/disconnect to insert the blasting caps 802 intothe priming well 110. Second, the cap box 108 protects the ends of theblasting caps 802, which are subject to exploding when struck on a hardsurface. The cap box also can be inserted into a protective cover in afast, disconnectable fashion.

The top and bottom of the cap box 108 are typically left open to allowthe blasting caps 802 to have intimate contact with the detonating cord112 when the cap box 108 is inserted into the priming well 110. Thecontact allows the blasting caps 802 to ignite the detonating cord 112more efficiently and reliably. However, the top and bottom of the capbox 108 do not have to be left open for the system to operate.

The priming well 110 comprises a priming well housing 110 a having acontinuous aperture 110 b and a continuous aperture 110 c extendingtherethrough. The aperture 110 b receives the detonating cord 112. Theaperture 110 c receives the cap box 108. The apertures 110 b and 110 care oriented such that insertion of the detonating cord 112 in aperture110 b and insertion of the cap box 108 in the aperture 110 c places thedetonating cord 112 and the blasting caps 802 in proximity to eachother. The detonating cord 112 may contact the blasting caps 802 orotherwise be located at a distance that will allow detonating of theblasting caps 802 to ignite the detonating cord 112.

The priming well 110 further comprises one or more indents (orapertures) 110 e that receive the lever tab 108 f of the cap box latch108 d as the cap box 108 is inserted into the aperture 110 c of thepriming well 110. In this manner, the cap box 108 can be inserted in andretained by the priming well 110. Additionally, the cap box 108 can beremoved from the priming well 110 by action of the lever tab 108 f awayfrom the priming well 110 to release the lever tab 108 e from the indent110 e of the priming well 110.

The priming well housing 110 a may comprise protrusions 110 f extendingfrom the priming well housing. These protrusions 110 f can facilitateattaching the priming well 110 to the detonating cord 112, the mainexplosive charge 114, or other fixture near the desired location. Forexample, zip ties, straps, plastic tape, rope, or other suitablematerial may be utilized with the protrusions 110 f to hold the primingwell 110 in a desired position.

As shown in FIGS. 9-11 , the priming well 110 can be formed in twohalves, whereby the housing 110 a comprises two components 1110configured to attach together to form the priming well housing 110 a.Each component 1110 may comprise one or more locking tabs 110 d thatmate with another component 1110 to lock the two halves 1110 together.FIG. 11 depicts one-half 1110 of a two-piece priming well 110 in moredetail. In addition to the priming well 110 components discussedpreviously, FIG. 11 depicts additional features internal to the primingwell 110.

Each component 1110 of the priming well housing 110 a also comprisesretaining apertures 110 i that receive corresponding locking tabs 110 dof the other component 1110 of the priming well housing 110 a to lockthe two halves of the priming well housing 110 a together. The apertures110 b and 110 c are open to each other internally in the priming well110 as shown by reference number 110 g. This opening allows thedetonating cord 112 to be positioned in proximity to the blasting caps802 when the detonating cord 112 and the blasting caps 802 are insertedinto the priming well 110. Two components 1110 can be mated together toform the complete housing 110 a of the priming well 110.

The aperture 110 b comprises one or more sloping portions 110 h that areangled toward the aperture 110 c. As the detonating cord 112 is insertedinto the aperture 110 b of the priming well 110, the sloping portions110 h force the detonating cord 112 toward the blasting caps 802. Thepositioning can ensure that the detonating cord 112 is positioned insufficient proximity to the blasting caps 802 to allow detonation of thedetonating cord 112 by the blasting caps 802. The sloping configurationof the bottom of the priming well 110 forces the detonating cord 112upward into close proximity to the blasting caps 802, which may includecontact with the blasting caps 802. The close proximity and/or intimatecontact created by the forcing together of the detonating cord 112 andthe blasting caps 802 causes the ignition of the detonating cord 112 bythe blasting caps 802 to be more reliable and efficient. The likelihoodthat the blasting caps 802 will fail to ignite the detonating cord 112can be reduced.

The cap box 108 can be plugged into the priming well 110 from anyorientation and direction allowing the operator to quickly andintuitively connect the entire explosive system and back away to a safelocation. The priming well 110 is designed with redundant configurationson both ends of the priming well 110. Accordingly, the operator mayinsert the cap box 108 in either end of the priming well 110 and mayinsert the detonating cord 112 in either end of the priming well 110. Asimpler design also is suitable. For example, the priming well 110 canbe configured on one end to receive only the cap box 108 and on anotherend to receive only the detonating cord 112.

The priming well 110 can retain the detonating cord 112 via acompression fit. For example, an area of the aperture 100 b can taper toa smaller area inside the priming well 110 such that insertion of thedetonating cord 112 compresses the detonating cord 112 inside theaperture 110 b. Another method of securing the detonating cord comprisesannular ridges along the length of the detonation chord path through thePriming well to physically engage the detonation cord.

Other configurations of the priming well 110 are suitable. For example,if the cap box 108 is not used, the aperture 110 c can be sized todirectly accommodate the blasting caps 802. The blasting caps 802 and/orthe cap box 108/blasting caps 802 combination can be stored and/ortransported in the priming well 110. In this manner, the priming well110 can protect the blasting caps 802 during storing and or transport.The aperture 110 b can be formed without the sloping portions 110 h. Inthis case, the apertures 110 b and 110 c can be formed such that thedetonating cord 112 and blasting caps 802 are positioned in suitableproximity without forcing the detonating cord 112 toward the blastingcaps 802. The priming well 110 can be formed without the protrusions 110f. The priming well 110 can be formed as a single-piece construction.

FIGS. 12 and 13 depict an alternative construction of the priming well110. FIG. 12 is a perspective view depicting a priming well 1200, inaccordance with certain examples. FIG. 13 is an exploded view depictingthe components of the priming well 1200 of FIG. 12 , in accordance withcertain examples.

The priming well 1200 comprises an upper housing 1202 and a lowerhousing 1204. Apertures 1202 a of the upper housing 1202 receive tabs1204 a of the lower housing 1204 as the upper housing 1202 and the lowerhousing 1204 are mated together. The tabs 1204 a engage the apertures1202 a to connect the upper housing 1202 and the lower housing 1204. Theupper housing 1202 and the lower housing 1204 can be disconnected fromeach other by pushing the tabs 1204 a into the apertures 1202 a torelease the engagement.

The priming well 1200 further comprises the features discussedpreviously with reference to FIGS. 8-11 , except for the components thatconnect the two halves of the priming well housing.

A cap box comprising a blasting cap retainer will now be described withreference to FIGS. 26-30 . FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a cap box2608 comprising a blasting cap retainer 2608 a, in accordance withcertain examples. FIG. 27 is a side view of a cap box 2608 comprising ablasting cap retainer 2608 a in an open position, in accordance withcertain examples. FIG. 28 is a side view of a cap box 2608 comprising ablasting cap retainer 2608 a in a closed position, in accordance withcertain examples. FIG. 29 is an assembly diagram depicting a blastingcap 802, cap box 2608 comprising a blasting cap retainer 2608 a, singleprime adapter plug 2902, and a priming well 110 in position forassembly, in accordance with certain examples. FIG. 30 is an assemblydiagram depicting the blasting cap 802/cap box 2608 inserted into thepriming well 110, in accordance with certain examples.

The cap box 2608 comprises substantially the same features as the capbox 108 described elsewhere herein. The cap box 2608 further comprises acap box retainer 2608 a moveable from an open position (see FIGS. 26-27and 29 ) to a closed position (see FIGS. 28 and 30 ). When the cap boxretainer 2608 a is in the open position, a blasting cap 802 can beinserted into the cap box 2608. In the closed position, the cap boxretainer 2608 a helps hold the blasting cap 802 in the cap box 2608.

As depicted, the blasting cap retainer 2608 a may comprise a T-shape.Each side of the T is positioned adjacent one of the apertures 108 b inthe cap box 2608. Accordingly, one side of the T helps retain a blastingcap in one aperture 108 b of the cap box 2608, and another side of the Thelps retain another blasting cap in the other aperture 108 b of the capbox 2608.

Alternatively, the blasting cap retainer 2608 a may comprise an L-shape.In this configuration, the blasting cap retainer 2608 a helps hold asingle blasting cap 802 in one aperture 108 b of the cap box 2608.

In operation, the blasting cap retainer 2608 a is moved to the openposition, a blasting cap 802 is inserted into an aperture 108 b of thecap box 2608, and the blasting cap retainer 2608 a is moved over theshock tube 106 end of the blasting cap 802 to position one side of theT-shape around the shock tube 106 behind the blasting cap 802. Theblasting cap retainer 2608 a may be manipulated further (for example, bytwisting) to move the single prime adapter/blasting cap retainer 2608under the shock tube 106 to provide additional support to retain theblasting cap 802 in the cap box 2608. Alternatively, the blasting capretainer 2608 a is moved beyond the closed position, a blasting cap 802is inserted into an aperture 108 b of the cap box 2608 by positioningthe shock tube lead to the blasting cap 802 over one side of theT-shape, and the blasting cap retainer 2608 a is moved up to positionthe one side of the T-shape around the shock tube 106 and behind theblasting cap 802. In each case, the blasting cap retainer 2608 a ispositioned to assist holding the blasting cap 802 in the cap box 2608.

As depicted in FIGS. 29-30 , a single prime adapter/cap box plug 2902may be utilized when only one blasting cap 802 is inserted into the capbox 2608. The single prime adapter/cap box plug 2902 comprises a firstend 2902 a that is sized to correspond with a size of the opening 108 bin the cap box 2608. The single prime adapter/cap box plug 2902 furthercomprises a handle end 2902 b opposite the first end 2902 a. An operatormanipulates the handle end 2902 b to insert the single prime adapter/capbox plug 2902 into the opening 108 b in the cap box 2608. The singleprime adapter/cap box plug 2902 also comprises a slot 2902 c in thehandle end 2902 b. The slot 2902 c receives one side of the T of theblasting cap retainer 2608 a. In this manner, the single primeadapter/cap box plug 2902 holds the blasting cap retainer 2608 a inposition to hold the blasting cap 802 in the aperture 108 b of the capbox 2608. The single prime adapter/cap box plug 2902 limits lateralmovement of the blasting cap retainer 2608 a, thereby further securingthe blasting cap 802 in the aperture 108 b of the cap box 2608. Thesingle prime adapter/cap box plug 2902 depicted in FIGS. 29-30 comprisestwo tabs created by the slot 2902 c. Alternatively, the single primeadapter/cap box plug 2902 may comprise a single tab, in which case theslot 2902 c and the second tab are omitted.

In operation of the explosive detonating systems 100 described herein,the detonating cord 112 from the main explosive charge 114 is insertedinto the priming well 110. In a typical configuration, the priming well110 is attached to, or hanging from, the main charge.

The operator plugs the cap box 108 into the priming well 110. Theoperator plugs the shock tube adapter 104 into the firing actuator 102.The firing actuator 102 is unable to initiate the firing system untilall of the components of the full system are connected to one another inthe described manner and the hammers 304 are cocked.

The explosive detonating system 100 allows the operator to quicklyconnect/disconnect from the explosive system at two critical interfaces,at the shock tube adapter 104 and at the priming well 110. Only when theentire system is fully assembled (typically at the desired location forthe explosion) is the system ready (or capable) for operation. Thisconfiguration allows for safer transport and storage of the system. Incontrast, conventional systems are configured before transportation to adesired location because the components do not disassemble.

To initiate the system, the operator assembles the components asdescribed above. The operator affixes the detonating cord 112 from thepriming well 110 to the main explosive charge 114. The operatortransports the firing actuator 102 away from the main explosive charge114 to a distance controlled by the length of the shock tube 106. Forexample, the operator may use twenty feet of shock tube 106 to allow theoperator to pull the trigger 302 of the firing actuator 102 twenty feetaway from the main charge. Therefore, when the main charge explodes, theoperator is in a safer location.

The description of the operation provided above encompasses any of thefiring actuators, shock tube adapters, and/or cap boxes describedherein.

The systems and components described herein may provide many advantagesover conventional systems. For example, each shock tube adapterdescribed herein may be utilized with a single firing actuator. Morespecifically, a single firing actuator may initiate any type of shocktube by utilizing the appropriate shock tube adapter for thecorresponding shock tube and primer combination. The operator connectsthe firing actuator to a shock tube adaptor in a first system, andinitiates a detonation in the first system. Then, the operatordisconnects the shock tube adaptor from the first system, connects thefiring actuator to a shock tube adapter in a second system, andinitiates a detonation in the second system. The operator repeats thisprocess in as many systems as desired. In this manner, the operatorcarries a single firing actuator to detonate multiple systems.Additionally, the single firing actuator works for any type ofprimer/shock tube by selecting the appropriate shock tube adapter.Although multiple shock tube adapters have been described herein, anyshock tube adaptor can be configured for a particular shock tube and toengage with the firing actuator. In this manner, an operator can carry asingle firing actuator to initiate detonation in an number of systemsand for multiple different types of primers and shock tube. In contrast,conventional systems require a separate firing actuator for eachdetonation. For example, if an operator desires to initiate tendetonations, the operator must carry 10 conventional firing actuators(one firing actuator for each detonation). In this case of 10detonations, the technology described herein can reduce the number andweight of firing actuators carried by the operator by 90%. Additionally,if the operator uses different types of shock tube, the operator mustuse a different conventional firing actuator specific to each differenttype of shock tube.

Although described herein as “shock tube” 106, any suitable stand-offdevice may be utilized. For example, the stand-off device can beelectrical wire, shock-tube, time fuse, detonating cord, or othersuitable stand-off device.

In alternate examples, the firing actuator can be actuated via a remotelaser, or other remote signaling technology, such as radio frequency orinfrared. For example, the firing actuator houses a laser or radiofrequency (RF) system or a combination of both having an encoded signal.The shock tube adapter comprises a laser and/or RF receiver. Thisconfiguration allows the operator to remotely detonate the explosivesfrom a safer distance from the explosives.

The remote device can have the same mechanical mechanism that the firingactuator described herein provides, including two striking mechanisms.However, instead of attaching the hand-held firing actuator and thenbeing tethered to the charge, the remote device is activated with acoded signal on the hand-held device.

The charge is single or double primed, then the remote device is cocked.Then, a light illuminates to show the operator that the remote device isactive. The operator connects the remote device to the shock tubeadapter. The operator moves to a safe location and aims the hand-helddevice at the remote device and transmits the encoded signal from thehand-held device. The remote device may be configured to change toanother color (red) and flash three times before activating theexplosive charge.

The remote device provides multiple benefits. First, this device allowsthe operator to make adjustments that the shock tube may not be able toreach, thus, allowing the operator some flexibility in choosing a bettercover position. Second, this device can have a time delay mode, so theoperator can place the charge in one location and activate it, then moveto another location and place another charge. When activated, the timedelay prevents detonation for a configured amount of time or until theencoded signal is transmitted. This capability gives the operator muchmore flexibility.

Further, conventional systems limit the distance that an operator mustbe from the explosion based on the length of shock tube used in thecharge. For example, if ten feet of shock tube is used between the shocktube adapter and the cap box, then the operator is only able to fire thesystem from approximately ten feet away. Additionally, shock tube canbecome tangled, which may limit or prevent its effective operation. Inthis alternative example, the operator may only require six inches ofshock tube because the operator is able to trigger the system from anydistance afforded by the effective range of the coded signal.Furthermore, if the signal is an RF signal, they can effectivelyinitiate the device without being in the line of sight. Additionally, anRF signal would work through smoke, dust, fog, and/or heavy rain.

This encoded signal system securely allows a placed charge to bedetonated from much greater distances than is practical with shock tubeduring breaching operations. It can also better facilitate coordinatedor command controlled situations. The effect of larger distances betweenpersonnel and detonations reduces the physical effects of the blast onpersonnel and can allow better cover and concealment thereby increasingsafety.

The Remote Firing Device System (RFDS) uses a hand-held TransmitterDevice (TD) that, upon illuminating a target on a charge that isequipped with a like coded Receiver-Detonator, detonates the charge. Toavoid certain jamming techniques employed against the system, in certainoperations, the RFDS utilizes a specific frequency containing atransmitted code.

During operations, the Receiver-Detonator (R-D) is not armed until thecharge is placed in the desired location. The operator turns the powerbutton to “On,” and a light will illuminate the receiver window. Theoperator cocks the R-D, and the light will change color or intensity.Only then will the operator connect the R-D to the charge. Once thecharge has been placed and the remote detonator is armed, the operatorcan move away from the charge to a position of safety. From a safeposition the operator can activate the R-D unit by aiming the encodedtransmitting device at the R-D and transmit the encoded initiationsignal. Once the R-D receives the code, it will activate a second countdown to detonation.

The Remote Firing Device System consists of two assemblies: First, ARemote Firing Device (RFD) that emits the encoded detonating signal froma position of safety and concealment. The RFD contains the transmitterand driving electronics to send a preprogrammed secure firing code tothe remote detonator. The firing device will look and act much like asmall hand gun to allow the transmitter to be aimed. Second, AReceiver-Detonator (R-D) that ignites an electric spark, initiates anelectronic trigger, or actuates an electronically secured springactuator which engages a firing pin to strike a percussion cap andignite a redundant or single shock tube. The shock tube is attached to astandard blasting cap. The shock tube can be of any length allowing theplacement of the R-D in a position that can be viewed from position ofcover and concealment for detonation.

Certain components of the systems described herein can be combined withportions of other systems and still achieve benefits of the describedsystems. For example, the priming well can be incorporated into a systemusing a conventional firing device or other firing device. In this case,the system may be connected and disconnected between a fire mode and asafe mode by connecting and disconnecting the blasting caps from thepriming well and/or the detonating cord from the priming well.Additionally, the shock tube adapter can be incorporated into a systemusing a conventional method and components to connect the blasting capsto the detonating cord. In this case, the system may be connected anddisconnected between a fire mode and a safe mode by connecting anddisconnecting the shock tube adapter from the firing device and/or theshock tube case from the priming well case.

The components and systems described herein can be formed of anysuitable material. A person having ordinary skill in the art and thebenefit of this disclosure will understand that multiple options existfor manufacturing the components and systems described herein. Forexample, the components may be formed of plastic and injection molded,3-D printed, or otherwise formed is integral or multi-component parts.The components also may be formed partially or entirely of othermaterials, such as metals. Individual components described herein may beformed of multiple parts formed from the same or different materials andassembled together.

The example systems, methods, and components described in theembodiments presented previously are illustrative, and, in alternativeembodiments, certain components can be combined in a different order,omitted entirely, and/or combined between different example embodiments,and/or certain additional components can be added, without departingfrom the scope and spirit of various embodiments. Accordingly, suchalternative embodiments are included in the scope of the followingclaims, which are to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as toencompass such alternate embodiments.

Although specific embodiments have been described above in detail, thedescription is merely for purposes of illustration. It should beappreciated, therefore, that many aspects described above are notintended as required or essential elements unless explicitly statedotherwise. Modifications of, and equivalent components or actscorresponding to, the disclosed aspects of the example embodiments, inaddition to those described above, can be made by a person of ordinaryskill in the art, having the benefit of the present disclosure, withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention defined in thefollowing claims, the scope of which is to be accorded the broadestinterpretation so as to encompass such modifications and equivalentstructures.

1-24. (canceled)
 25. A priming well to couple blasting caps to explosivematerials, comprising: a first housing configured to secure explosivematerial; and a second housing independent of the first housing andconfigured to secure a blasting cap, the first housing and the secondhousing configured to connect together and when connected placing theblasting cap in an overlapping proximity to the explosive material. 26.The priming well of claim 25, the first housing configured to secure theexplosive material via compression fit, and the second housingconfigured to secure the blasting cap via compression fit.
 27. Thepriming well of claim 25, the first housing comprising a first apertureextending into the first housing and configured to receive the explosivematerial, and the second housing comprising a second aperture extendinginto the second housing and configured to receive the blasting cap,wherein connecting the first housing to the second housing places thefirst aperture in overlapping proximity to the second aperture.
 28. Thepriming well of claim 27, the first and second apertures being open toeach other at an overlapping portion of the first and second apertureswhen the first and second housings are connected.
 29. The priming wellof claim 27, the first aperture sloping toward the second apertureinternal to the priming well when the first housing is connected to thesecond housing to direct the explosive material when received in thefirst aperture toward the blasting cap when received in the secondaperture.
 30. The priming well of claim 27, the first aperture slopingtoward the second aperture internal to the priming well when the firsthousing is connected to the second housing such that the explosivematerial when received in the first aperture contacts the blasting capwhen received in the second aperture.
 31. The priming well of claim 25,the first housing and the second housing being configured to snaptogether.
 32. The priming well of claim 25, the first housing and thesecond housing comprising corresponding retention mechanisms that allowthe first housing and the second housing to connect together.
 33. Thepriming well of claim 32, the corresponding retention mechanismscomprising apertures in one of the first housing and the second housingand corresponding tabs in the other one of the first housing and thesecond housing.
 34. The priming well of claim 25, wherein the firsthousing and the second housing are configured to removably connecttogether.
 35. The priming well of claim 25, the first housing comprisingat least a portion of a first aperture extending into the first housingand configured to receive the explosive material, and the second housingcomprising a second aperture extending into the second housing andconfigured to receive the blasting cap.
 36. The priming well of claim35, the second housing further comprising at least a portion of thefirst aperture extending into the second housing and configured toreceive the explosive material.
 37. The priming well of claim 25,wherein the first housing is configured to secure an explosive materialthat is detonating cord.
 38. The priming well of claim 25, furthercomprising the explosive material and the blasting cap.
 39. A primingwell to connect housings for blasting caps to housings for detonatingcords, comprising: a first housing configured to secure detonating cordvia a compression fit; and a second housing configured to secure ablasting cap via a compression fit, the first housing and the secondhousing configured to latch together and placing the blasting cap in anoverlapping proximity to the detonating cord when connected.
 40. Thepriming well of claim 39, wherein the first housing comprises anelongated portion that is open to the detonating cord.
 41. The primingwell of claim 40, wherein the second housing comprises an open sectionon a top section of the second housing.
 42. The priming well of claim41, wherein open section of the first housing aperture is in proximityto the open section of the second housing aperture when connected. 43.The priming well of claim 39, wherein the connection between the firsthousing and the second housing is secured via a latched clip connectionbetween the first housing and the second housing.
 44. The priming wellof claim 39, wherein the first housing and the second housing areconfigured to latch together via a snap fit.
 45. A method to coupleblasting caps to explosive materials via priming wells, comprising:securing an explosive material to a first housing; securing a blastingcap to a second housing that is independent of the first housing; andcoupling the first housing and the second housing together to place theblasting cap in an overlapping proximity to the explosive material.